In a digital world where documents are increasingly circulating online, it is essential to ensure their security and authenticity. To this end, electronic signatures have been developed. Each sub-par verification (in a document) comes in one of two file formats: XAdES i PAdES, in which confirmation data is stored.
What is a qualified signature?
A qualified signature is a type of e-signature, which by law is equivalent to a handwritten signature. It is issued by qualified trust service providers, and requires a special certificate and a signature device.
XAdES (XML Advanced Electronic Signature)
It is a universal format that allows you to sign electronic documents of various types - PDF, XML, as well as JPEG, DOCX, XLSX and many others. XAdES is flexible, and allows you to add multiple signatures to one or more documents, as well as include additional information, such as time-stamping the signature. XdES signature verification is possible (available) in a separate file.
PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signature)
This format electronic signature is dedicated to PDF files. PAdES is integrated into PDF documentdocument, which makes it easier to store and verify. In addition, PAdES offers visualization of the signature in the document, which increases its readability. Verification is available in Acrobat Reader.
Differences between XAdES and PAdES
Feature | XAdES | PAdES |
File type | Universal (XML, PDF, JPG, DOCX, XLSX and others) | PDF only |
Document integration | Signature is a separate file or element in the XML structure | The caption is an integral part of the PDF file |
Visualization | No graphic representation of the signature | Signature visible in PDF document |
Flexibility | More flexibility to add information and multiple signatures | Less flexibility |
Where do XAdES and PAdES occur?
Both formats qualified signatures are widely used in various fields, including:
- e-government: filing of tax returns, official applications
- e-health: signing prescriptions, medical records
- e-business: signing contracts, invoices, commercial offers
- electronic banking: transaction authorization
Choice of format e-signature depends on your specific needs.
If you need to sign PDF document, PAdES will be a good choice.
If, on the other hand, you want to sign document in a different format or you need more flexibility, XAdES will be more suitable.
SimplySign and Certum Mini qualified signatures
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